Groundwater recharge zoning for its protection in the Aguas Calientesmicro-basin, Madriz, Nicaragua

Abstract

The study focused on the Aguas Calientes micro-basin in Nicaragua, with the aim of identifying and
delimiting groundwater recharge zones. This is crucial because 80% of the Nicaraguan population
depends on this resource for human consumption and agricultural activities. Through an inventory of
wells, static level measurements and land use analysis, the soil infiltration capacity was determined,
and the potential recharge was calculated using the Soil Water Balance. With this information
and geological data, a recharge zone map was created, which revealed that 57% of the area has
a medium recharge, 25% a high recharge and 18% a low recharge. The results suggest that the
change in land use, especially the conversion of forests into crops or pastures, has decreased the
infiltration capacity and, therefore, the recharge in certain areas. Based on the recharge zone map,
two types of protection zones were proposed: water production zones: Areas around river sources
with low recharge and water quantity; and water use zones: Areas where wells are located, which
require protection measures to prevent contamination. In conclusion, this study provides valuable
information to develop management and protection strategies for groundwater resources in the Aguas
Calientes micro-basin, thus contributing to ensuring the availability of water for the population.