Social Perception of a Mini-Hydropower Project and Its Relationship with Energy Sustainability in Santa María Jalapa del Marqués, Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract

This study analyzes the social and environmental perceptions of residents in the municipality of Santa María Jalapa del Marqués, Oaxaca, regarding the potential installation of a mini-hydroelectric plant as an alternative to promote local energy sustainability. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured surveys and semi-structured interviews. A total of 141 valid questionnaires were collected to examine residents’ level of knowledge about renewable energy and their perceptions of the possible economic, social, and environmental impacts of the project. The results indicate that although most participants have heard about renewable energy sources, their technical knowledge remains limited. Despite this, a generally positive attitude toward the proposed project prevails, mainly associated with expectations of economic development, job creation, and improvements in quality of life. However, the findings also reveal limited information among residents regarding the environmental implications and implementation processes of mini-hydropower projects. These results highlight the importance of strengthening communication, energy education, and community participation processes to ensure that the transition toward renewable energy is socially informed, participatory, and sustainable in local contexts.